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・ Cryogenic Dark Matter Search
・ Cryogenic deflashing
・ Cryogenic distillation
・ Cryogenic energy storage
・ Cryogenic engineering
・ Cryogenic fuel
・ Cryogenic grinding
・ Cryogenic hardening
・ Cryogenic Low-Energy Astrophysics with Neon
・ Cryogenic nitrogen plant
・ Cryogenic oxygen plant
・ Cryogenic particle detectors
・ Cryogenic processor
・ Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers
・ Cryogenic rocket engine
Cryogenic seal
・ Cryogenic storage dewar
・ Cryogenic Studio, Vol. 2
・ Cryogenic Studios
・ Cryogenic treatment
・ Cryogenics
・ Cryogenine
・ Cryogenix
・ Cryoglobulinemia
・ Cryoglobulinemic purpura
・ Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
・ CryoJet
・ Cryolathe
・ CryoLife
・ Cryolipolysis


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Cryogenic seal : ウィキペディア英語版
Cryogenic seal

Cryogenic seals provide a mechanical containment mechanism for materials held at cryogenic temperatures, such as cryogenic fluids. Various techniques, including soldering and welding are available for creating seals, however specialized materials and processes are necessary to hermetically entrap cryogenic constituents under vacuum-tight conditions. Most commonly used are liquid helium and liquid nitrogen, which boil at very low temperatures, below −153 °C (120 K), as well as hydrocarbons with low freezing points and refrigerating mixtures.〔(Indium Wire and Cryogenic Sealing )〕〔(European Organization for Nuclear Research - An Introduction to Cryogenics )〕 Pure indium wire or solder preform washers are accepted as the most reliable low temperature sealing materials. When correctly formed, indium will afford leak rates of less than 4.0x10 -9 mbar- liter/sec.〔(Design, Development and Testing of Vacuum Compatible Seals at Cryogenic Temperatures )〕 Alternative cryogenic seal materials include silicone grease conical seals, and Pb/Sn (lead-tin) wire seals.〔(A Reusable, Low-profile, Cryogenic Wire Seal )〕
==History==
Fundamental cryogenic processing began in the 1940s, albeit primitive. Steel cutting tools were immersed in liquid nitrogen to enhance their service life.
Mechanical processes utilizing cryogenics were documented well in the 1950s and by the 1980s cryogenic fluids began to be considered for storage and use in modern devices.
Today, cryogenic seals are a necessity in high-tech commercial, medical, and military applications to encapsulate the cryogenic fluids critical for device resolution and function.〔(Some Cryogenic History )〕

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